Hoedo01 is designed for the determination of refractive index of a given liquid. If f be the focal length of the combination of the convex and liquid lens, then the focal length of the liquid lens, f 2 ff 1 f 1 f. Water normally forms a bubble shape when adhered to materials such as glass. Liquid lens and various tuning methods request pdf. Liquid lens apparatus holmarc optomechatronics pvt. Liquid lens technology, due in large part to the flexibility it provides, has exploded in popularity in the industrial sector. Liquid lenses are wellsuited for a wide range of applications and can even provide a higher image quality than many mechanical options.
Method of calculation of internal parameters of liquid lens. Pdf a variablefocus liquid lens using a transparent flat cell is demonstrated. Liquid lens, electrowetting, electrowettingondielectric, ewod. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope. Request pdf liquid lens and various tuning methods liquid lenses use the properties of two different liquids or one liquid confined within a small space to vary its focal length. Recent developments in optofluidic lens technology university of.
The lens itself is a sealed cell with water and oil inside. The top substrate has an aperture which is sealed with a thin elastic. Stem education to solve the problem of taking a photograph of tiny object with liquid lens. Pdf determination of refractive index of a liquid using. Liquid lenses allow imaging systems to overcome depth of field dof limitations by allowing the focus to be electronically adjusted without requiring any mechanical movement.
The convex lens is floated in mercury, contained in a dish, with the marked face of the lens in contact with mercury. Liquid lenses use an electrowetting process to achieve superior autofocus capabilities. A travelling microscope, a glass slab, lycopodium powderchalk dust and a paper. The theory behind the liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more liquids to create magnifications within a small amount of space. The liquid crystals variablefocus lens was developed by varying the local refractive index of the material. In the present paper, we describe a simple and inexpensive method for measuring the refractive index of liquids using a low power hene laser and a thin liquid. The liquid lens literature largely deals with spherical lenses. Variablefocus liquid lens for miniature cameras eindhoven. The focus of a liquid lens is controlled by the surface of the liquid. Electro wetting with the applied potential, the contact angle of the conductive liquid was changed, which was referenced as electro wetting. The theory behind liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more fluids to create magnifications within a small amount of space. Determination of the refractive index of a liquid by a liquidlens method. Liquid lens structure the lens has a simple structure.
There are a large variety of actuation methods that have been demonstrated for liquid lenses, including fluidic pressure 123, liquid crystal 4,5, hydrogel 6,7. Study of surface modes on a vibrating electrowetting liquid lens. This can be a great solution for applications with varying object heights and working distances. The interface equationbased thin lens formula is then applied to the. This paper is focused on the problem of determination of internal parameters of a fluidic lens composed of two immiscible liquids of different refractive index, which form a tunable refractive interface for changing the focal length of a lens. Liquid lens can be considered as infinitely variables lens. Formulas are derived for calculation of a radius of curvature of the internal interface between two liquids and refractive indices of liquids using the. Liquid refractive index measurement system based on.
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